PART -1 Introduction to Sources of energy | Sources of energy| English

CHAPTER

SOURCES OF ENERGY 

PART -1

INTRODUCTION TO SOURCES OF ENERGY 

INTRODUCTION 

• Energy is an essential requirement of our lives. It has various forms. 

• LAW OF ENERGY CONSERVATION:- According to law of energy conservation energy neither generated nor destroyed but it can be converted from one form to another form.

• Sources of energy is used to do our work.

SOURCES OF ENERGY :- Any system which is capable of providing energy in convenient form at a constant rate over a period of time is called, sources of energy.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD ENERGY SOURCES:-

• It should be able to do large amount of work for each unit of mass or volume.

• It should be easily accessible.

• It should be easily transported.

• It should be economical

CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY SOURCES:- 

(1) CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES:- 

• The sources of energy which have been in use since a long time are called conventional sources of energy.

• This source is also called non- renewable sources because these sources cannot renew again.

• Example: - Coal, petroleum, natural gas.

• Additionally, firewood is also a conventional source of energy but its usage is now limited to kitchens in the rural parts of India.

(2) NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY :- 

• These are the sources of energy which are being produced continuously in nature and are inexhaustible. 
• These are also called renewable or alternative sources of energy. 
• E.g. solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, bio fuels (such as bio gas), tidal energy and ocean thermal energy etc. 

Difference between conventional and non conventional energy sources:- 

CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY 

FOSSIL FUELS :-

• The remaining of prehistoric plants and animals which got buried deep inside the earth millions of years ago and changed into fuels due to excess of heat and high pressure inside the earth are called fossil fuels. 

• Coal, petroleum, natural gas are the major fossil fuels which we are used today. 

• The process of formation of fossil fuels is called fossilization.

Coal:

• Coal is a naturally occurring black material which is a mixture of carbon and compounds of carbon containing hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulpher.

• It's a major source of energy.

Uses of coal :- 

• It is used as fuel in thermal power plant for producing electricity.

• It is used as fuel for heating purpose in homes and industry.

• It is used in the manufacturer of coke, fuel gases like coal gas,  synthetic petrol and synthetic natural gas.

Petroleum: 

• It is a dark coloured, viscous and foul smelling crude oil which is a mixture of several solid, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons mixed with water,  salt and earth particles.

• It also contain small amount of other compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulpher.

Petroleum gas :- 

• It is a mixture of three hydrocarbons that is butane, propane and ethane. 

• However it's main constituent is butane.

• Petroleum gas which is liquefied under pressure is known as liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). 

USES OF PETROLEUM GAS :- 

• For running vehicle.

• In power station, where diesel and gasoline are used in gas turbines to produce electricity.

• For heating and lightning purpose. 

• As lubricant, for smooth running of all machine. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF LPG :-

1. It has very high calorific value.

1. Neat and clean domestic fuel. 

1. It burns with smokeless flame and does not cause pollution. 

1. It does not produce any poisonous gases. 

1. Easy to handle

1. Convenient to store. 

NATURAL GAS :- 

• It is a another source of heat energy.

• It mainly consist of methane (about 97%), Ethane and propane. 

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) :

• when natural gas in liquid form is subjected to high pressure, we get compressed natural gas. 

• It is used in cars, buses and truck as fuel. 

CONTINUE READING 

Sources of energy 

PART - 2 》》CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY